A review on distribution, properties, genetic organization, immobilisation and applications of urease

Urease, a nickel-containing metalloenzyme is getting remarkable attention due to diverse range of applications for mankind. Urease plays magnificent role in various field like agriculture, analytical, geological phenomena, beverage industry and an important diagnostic tool. mainly present bacteria, fungi, plants invertebrates its manifestation specific genera may open new vistas taxonomic position. Various qualitative quantitative assays are also reported the estimation urease enzyme. based biosensors utilizing green synthesis on nanoparticles trending. Recently developed inhibitors against were discussed review. Inhibitory mechanisms involving structural similarity substrate through modification or derivatization can help rational drug design by two possible competitive ways either mimicking monodentate urea binding as tetrahedral intermediate. Immobilisation gel entrapment, using non-covalent covalent protein tags, cross linkage, bonding, composite films, Teflon, co-precipitation coating reported. This review comprised application including enhancement fertility soil, cell organization, protection predators, treatment bladder related diseases infections, analysis heavy metal ions, biocementation, pollution control bioleaching metals making beverages ethyl carbamate free. As researchers have keen interest enzyme at present, most aspects incorporated article make it helpful scientific community further research development add upliftment human well environment.